Metaphorical Interpretation

What is a metaphor, really?

In simple terms, a metaphor helps us understand something subtle or abstract by comparing it to something familiar and tangible. We do this all the time in everyday life. When we say, “knowledge is light” or “ignorance is darkness,” we’re not speaking literally—we’re using images that instantly make sense to us.

Religious scriptures across the world do exactly this. The Upanishads, for instance, are rich with metaphors—clay and pots, the sun and its rays, the lotus rising above muddy waters. Interestingly, these same images appear in many faith traditions. Clouds, veils, and shadows are often used to represent ignorance, suggesting that once they are lifted, truth shines on its own. As the saying goes, “अंधेरा हटाने के लिए दीया जलाना पड़ता है”—to remove darkness, one must light a lamp.

When we read religions metaphorically rather than rigidly, something beautiful happens. We become less defensive and more open. Comparative theology scholar Marianne Moyaert observes that people who engage with religion symbolically are often more open to others and to new experiences. This openness allows dialogue to become enriching rather than threatening.

Symbols like the potter shaping clay or the carpenter carving wood help us look beyond dogma and notice shared wisdom. Different paths, same destination—“एकं सद् विप्रा बहुधा वदन्ति.”

This idea isn’t new. The Jewish philosopher Maimonides taught that the Torah should be read on two levels: the literal meaning and a deeper, allegorical one hidden beneath the surface. In truth, this applies to most scriptures. The surface guides us, but the deeper meaning transforms us.

Perhaps faith, like life, is best understood not just by what is said, but by what is suggested—quietly, patiently, and with compassion.